如何(he)理(li)解行業產(chan)教(jiao)融合共同體的“實體化”
雷世平
2022年12月，中(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)央辦公(gong)廳(ting)、國務院(yuan)辦公(gong)廳(ting)印(yin)發的《關(guan)于(yu)深(shen)化現(xian)代(dai)職業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育體系建(jian)設改革意(yi)見》指(zhi)出，在(zai)重(zhong)點行業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)重(zhong)點領域(yu)，支持龍頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)高水平高等學校(xiao)(xiao)、職業(ye)(ye)學校(xiao)(xiao)牽頭，組建(jian)學校(xiao)(xiao)、科研機構、上下(xia)游企(qi)業(ye)(ye)等共(gong)同(tong)參與的跨(kua)區域(yu)產教(jiao)(jiao)融(rong)(rong)合共(gong)同(tong)體。產教(jiao)(jiao)融(rong)(rong)合共(gong)同(tong)體作為深(shen)化產教(jiao)(jiao)融(rong)(rong)合的重(zhong)大制度創新和(he)(he)(he)機制設計，若要實(shi)現(xian)其既定的功(gong)能和(he)(he)(he)作用，達成延伸教(jiao)(jiao)育鏈、服務產業(ye)(ye)鏈、支撐供應鏈、打造(zao)人(ren)才鏈、提升價值(zhi)鏈，推動形成同(tong)市場(chang)需求相(xiang)適應、產業(ye)(ye)結構相(xiang)匹(pi)配的現(xian)代(dai)職業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育體系建(jian)設的目(mu)標，關(guan)鍵在(zai)于(yu)扎實(shi)推進其“實(shi)體化”運作。
治理結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)扁平化(hua)。扁平化(hua)是為解(jie)決(jue)(jue)(jue)組織(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)層(ceng)級(ji)(ji)結(jie)構(gou)形式、提高決(jue)(jue)(jue)策和運營(ying)效(xiao)率(lv)而(er)實(shi)施的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)管(guan)理模(mo)式。行(xing)(xing)業(ye)產教融合(he)(he)共(gong)同體作(zuo)(zuo)為一(yi)個多(duo)方參與(yu)的(de)(de)(de)組織(zhi)(zhi)形式，強調的(de)(de)(de)是“共(gong)同發起、共(gong)同參與(yu)、共(gong)同受益”。產教融合(he)(he)共(gong)同體的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)體化(hua)，離不開(kai)其運行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)高效(xiao)率(lv)，要實(shi)現(xian)運行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)高效(xiao)率(lv)，其層(ceng)級(ji)(ji)結(jie)構(gou)必須(xu)(xu)“扁平”，而(er)管(guan)理幅度(du)必須(xu)(xu)增大。理事(shi)(shi)會(hui)領導下的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)業(ye)部制(zhi)工作(zuo)(zuo)制(zhi)，便是這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)扁平化(hua)治理結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)形式。由(you)牽頭部門、行(xing)(xing)業(ye)企業(ye)、學校、科研機(ji)(ji)構(gou)等(deng)多(duo)方參與(yu)、聯合(he)(he)成立的(de)(de)(de)理事(shi)(shi)會(hui)作(zuo)(zuo)為產教融合(he)(he)共(gong)同體的(de)(de)(de)最高決(jue)(jue)(jue)策機(ji)(ji)構(gou)，可以統籌研究共(gong)同體建設(she)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)重大事(shi)(shi)項(xiang)、解(jie)決(jue)(jue)(jue)發展(zhan)(zhan)中遇到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)問題；而(er)專門的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)業(ye)部則(ze)按照(zhao)理事(shi)(shi)會(hui)部署，專注于人才(cai)培養、產業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)和科技創(chuang)新等(deng)實(shi)質(zhi)性工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)落實(shi)，可以做到(dao)決(jue)(jue)(jue)策與(yu)執行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)銜接。
工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)的(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)化(hua)(hua)。項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)化(hua)(hua)是一種以項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為主要(yao)(yao)組(zu)織形式(shi)落實(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)任務(wu)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)，即通過(guo)具體(ti)(ti)的(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)實(shi)施(shi)，履行(xing)(xing)組(zu)織職(zhi)責(ze)、完成特定工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)任務(wu)，提高組(zu)織運營(ying)效率，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)組(zu)織持續健康(kang)發(fa)展(zhan)。行(xing)(xing)業(ye)產(chan)教融(rong)合共同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)的(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標是要(yao)(yao)實(shi)現(xian)產(chan)教融(rong)合協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)發(fa)展(zhan)。產(chan)教融(rong)合共同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)實(shi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)，要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)參與(yu)各(ge)方(fang)依托理(li)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)會領導下(xia)的(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)業(ye)部制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)制(zhi)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)謀(mou)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)干(gan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。而(er)以項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為載體(ti)(ti)，以項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)各(ge)方(fang)聚(ju)力，推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)任務(wu)的(de)落地，便是共同(tong)(tong)(tong)謀(mou)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)干(gan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)表現(xian)。工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)的(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)化(hua)(hua)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)打破(po)地域和單位界(jie)限，以項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)任務(wu)匯聚(ju)產(chan)教資源、協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)作(zuo)戰、聚(ju)力攻堅，從項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)遴選、項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)實(shi)施(shi)、項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)監督到項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)考核評價均實(shi)現(xian)閉環管理(li)，全力推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)每一個項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)落實(shi)，努力破(po)解人(ren)才培養(yang)、產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)和科技(ji)創新的(de)難題，產(chan)教融(rong)合共同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)才能得(de)到有(you)效發(fa)揮，產(chan)教融(rong)合共同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)的(de)實(shi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)才能得(de)到充分體(ti)(ti)現(xian)。
運(yun)行(xing)(xing)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化。市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化是(shi)指(zhi)投(tou)入、產(chan)(chan)出、收益(yi)、分配按(an)照企(qi)業(ye)模式(shi)面向市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)運(yun)作的(de)方(fang)式(shi)。產(chan)(chan)教(jiao)融(rong)(rong)合共(gong)同體(ti)(ti)(ti)作為多(duo)元(yuan)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)組合，不(bu)再是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個松(song)散(san)的(de)協作體(ti)(ti)(ti)，而應是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個利益(yi)共(gong)同體(ti)(ti)(ti)，特定的(de)利益(yi)紐帶(dai)、健全完善的(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)其發揮作用的(de)重要保(bao)障。產(chan)(chan)教(jiao)融(rong)(rong)合共(gong)同體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)實(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)化，要求以(yi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)手段推(tui)進各(ge)利益(yi)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)協同發力(li)。而以(yi)政府主(zhu)導、產(chan)(chan)業(ye)（社會(hui)）資本注(zhu)入職業(ye)教(jiao)育領域為主(zhu)要內容的(de)股(gu)份(fen)制(zhi)(zhi)、混(hun)合所(suo)有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)辦學模式(shi)改革，就是(shi)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化探索的(de)表(biao)現。產(chan)(chan)教(jiao)融(rong)(rong)合共(gong)同體(ti)(ti)(ti)成員單位(wei)通過投(tou)入資金、技(ji)術、設備、場(chang)(chang)地、管理等(deng)方(fang)式(shi)，共(gong)建具有(you)股(gu)份(fen)制(zhi)(zhi)混(hun)合所(suo)有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)性質(zhi)的(de)現代產(chan)(chan)業(ye)學院、現場(chang)(chang)工程師學院、工匠學院、開放型區(qu)域產(chan)(chan)教(jiao)融(rong)(rong)合實(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)心、生產(chan)(chan)性實(shi)訓基地、技(ji)術服務中(zhong)心等(deng)機(ji)構（平(ping)臺(tai)），參與各(ge)方(fang)可(ke)按(an)照股(gu)份(fen)占比、貢(gong)獻(xian)度等(deng)依法進行(xing)(xing)效益(yi)分配，充分體(ti)(ti)(ti)現出市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化原則。
來源：《職業技術教(jiao)育》。
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