問題提出
黨(dang)(dang)的二(er)十(shi)大報告強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)了(le)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育、科技(ji)、人(ren)才(cai)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展理(li)念，提出“實施科教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)興國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)戰(zhan)略，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)現代化(hua)(hua)建設人(ren)才(cai)支(zhi)撐”，為“加快建設教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”“辦(ban)好人(ren)民滿意(yi)的教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育”指明了(le)方(fang)向(xiang)。2022年5月1日(ri)，新(xin)(xin)修(xiu)(xiu)訂(ding)的《中(zhong)華人(ren)民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育法(fa)(fa)》（以下簡(jian)稱新(xin)(xin)《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育法(fa)(fa)》）正式施行。這(zhe)是該法(fa)(fa)自(zi)1996年頒布施行以來的首次修(xiu)(xiu)訂(ding)。新(xin)(xin)《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育法(fa)(fa)》全(quan)(quan)面(mian)貫徹(che)習近(jin)平總書記重要(yao)指示(shi)批示(shi)精神和(he)黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)央、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)關于職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育改革發(fa)展的決策部署，系統總結職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育改革發(fa)展的政策舉措和(he)實踐成(cheng)果(guo)，進一(yi)步(bu)完(wan)善(shan)了(le)新(xin)(xin)時代職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育法(fa)(fa)律制度(du)體(ti)系，是我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育歷史上的重要(yao)里程碑(bei)。新(xin)(xin)《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育法(fa)(fa)》從原來的五章四(si)十(shi)條完(wan)善(shan)至八章六十(shi)九條，內容更加充實。貫徹(che)實施新(xin)(xin)修(xiu)(xiu)訂(ding)的《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育法(fa)(fa)》，對于全(quan)(quan)面(mian)深化(hua)(hua)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)治教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，推動職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育高(gao)質量發(fa)展，建設教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、人(ren)力資源強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)技(ji)能型社會，推進社會主義現代化(hua)(hua)建設具(ju)有重要(yao)意(yi)義。
標(biao)準(zhun)作(zuo)(zuo)為國家(jia)(jia)的基礎性(xing)制度(du)，在推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)國家(jia)(jia)治理體系和治理能力現代化(hua)中(zhong)發揮(hui)著基礎性(xing)、引領性(xing)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。2017年修訂后的《中(zhong)華人民共和國標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)法》（以下簡稱《標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)法》）將(jiang)標(biao)準(zhun)范圍擴大到(dao)農業、工業、服務業以及(ji)社會(hui)事業等領域需要統一的技術(shu)要求(qiu)，強化(hua)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)工作(zuo)(zuo)監督管理制度(du)。新時(shi)代推(tui)動經濟(ji)社會(hui)高質量發展、促進(jin)(jin)(jin)科學技術(shu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)步，全面建(jian)設社會(hui)主義現代化(hua)國家(jia)(jia)，迫切(qie)需要進(jin)(jin)(jin)一步加強標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)建(jian)設。
教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)是(shi)為(wei)了在一(yi)定(ding)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)內(nei)獲得最佳秩序，有關部門或社會(hui)團(tuan)體(ti)等通(tong)過(guo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)活動，按照規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)程(cheng)序經(jing)協商一(yi)致(zhi)制定(ding)，由(you)公認(ren)機(ji)構批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，為(wei)各(ge)種教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育活動或其結(jie)果提供規(gui)則(ze)、指(zhi)(zhi)南或特性，供共同使用和(he)(he)重(zhong)復使用的(de)(de)文(wen)件。標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)是(shi)方案的(de)(de)簡化(hua)和(he)(he)選擇形(xing)(xing)成標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)，以(yi)及(ji)把標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)作(zuo)為(wei)手(shou)段構建、組(zu)織(zhi)、演繹客觀現實(shi)，并(bing)在一(yi)定(ding)時(shi)空(kong)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)內(nei)不斷復制形(xing)(xing)成擴散(san)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)。2018年，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育部發布的(de)(de)《關于(yu)完善教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)導意見》指(zhi)(zhi)出，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)是(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育領域需要(yao)統一(yi)的(de)(de)技術要(yao)求，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)任務(wu)是(shi)制定(ding)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、組(zu)織(zhi)實(shi)施標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)以(yi)及(ji)對標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)制定(ding)、實(shi)施進(jin)行監督(du)。一(yi)般而言(yan)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)涉及(ji)各(ge)級(ji)各(ge)類教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育，包括學(xue)校設立與建設、學(xue)校運行和(he)(he)管理、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)隊(dui)伍建設、學(xue)科專業(ye)和(he)(he)課程(cheng)體(ti)系、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育信息化(hua)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育裝備、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育學(xue)督(du)導、語(yu)言(yan)文(wen)字(zi)等方面。在上述背(bei)景下，探討職業(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制定(ding)、組(zu)織(zhi)實(shi)施及(ji)監督(du)等職業(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)工作(zuo)面臨的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)勢及(ji)對策對于(yu)貫(guan)徹落實(shi)《職業(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育法(fa)》意義重(zhong)大。
新時代職業教育標準化建設迎來新的機遇
新時(shi)代(dai)(dai)以來，以習(xi)近(jin)平同志為(wei)核心的黨(dang)中央(yang)堅持把(ba)教育(yu)擺在(zai)優(you)先發展的戰略地位，開啟了加(jia)快教育(yu)現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)、建設教育(yu)強國、推(tui)進教育(yu)高(gao)質量發展的新征程，也為(wei)新時(shi)代(dai)(dai)職業(ye)教育(yu)標準化(hua)建設帶來契機。
（一）加快教育強國建設為職業教育標準化建設提出了新要求
黨的(de)(de)(de)二(er)十大報告對教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)、科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)、人才進(jin)行(xing)一體化部署，強(qiang)(qiang)調三(san)(san)者之間的(de)(de)(de)有(you)機融合、互(hu)為(wei)支撐、整(zheng)體聯動。在教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和人才強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)(san)大強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)戰(zhan)略中，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是筑基(ji)工(gong)程，優先發展教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)是中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)式現(xian)代(dai)化建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)本質(zhi)要(yao)求。近年(nian)來，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)準化建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)持(chi)續(xu)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)。2019年(nian)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院印發的(de)(de)(de)《國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)改(gai)革實施方案》提(ti)出(chu)，嚴把教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)標(biao)(biao)準和畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)生質(zhi)量標(biao)(biao)準兩個關(guan)口(kou)，將標(biao)(biao)準化建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)作為(wei)統領職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)發展的(de)(de)(de)突破口(kou)，建(jian)立健全學(xue)校設(she)(she)(she)置、師資(zi)隊伍、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材、信息化建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)、安全設(she)(she)(she)施等辦(ban)學(xue)標(biao)(biao)準，對“構建(jian)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家標(biao)(biao)準”提(ti)出(chu)了要(yao)求。2020年(nian)，中共中央(yang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院印發的(de)(de)(de)《深化新(xin)時代(dai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)評價改(gai)革總體方案》明確提(ti)出(chu)“健全職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)校評價”。2022年(nian)，中共中央(yang)辦(ban)公廳、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院辦(ban)公廳印發的(de)(de)(de)《關(guan)于(yu)深化現(xian)代(dai)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)體系建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)改(gai)革的(de)(de)(de)意見》提(ti)出(chu)，有(you)序有(you)效推進(jin)現(xian)代(dai)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)體系建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)改(gai)革，切實提(ti)高職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量、適(shi)應(ying)性和吸引力，培(pei)養更多高素質(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)人才、能(neng)工(gong)巧匠(jiang)、大國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)工(gong)匠(jiang)，為(wei)加(jia)快建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、人才強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)奠定堅實基(ji)礎。新(xin)時代(dai)，加(jia)快教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，迫切需要(yao)全面加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準體系建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，更好支撐現(xian)代(dai)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)高質(zhi)量發展。
（二）國家標準化戰略深入實施為職業教育標準化發展提供了新契機
標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)戰略(lve)是國家實現高(gao)質量發展的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)戰略(lve)之一(yi)，對(dui)于推進治理體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)和治理能力(li)現代化(hua)(hua)具(ju)有重(zhong)要(yao)作用。習近平總書(shu)記指出，標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)決定(ding)質量，有什么樣(yang)的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)就有什么樣(yang)的(de)質量，只有高(gao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)才有高(gao)質量。黨(dang)的(de)十八大(da)以來，我國教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)改革不斷深化(hua)(hua)。特別是2017年(nian)《標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)法(fa)》修(xiu)訂(ding)后，我國各行各業(ye)(ye)的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)作都在持(chi)續(xu)加(jia)強。為落實黨(dang)中(zhong)央、國務院(yuan)關于標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)作的(de)決策部署，教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)部于2018年(nian)發布《關于完(wan)善教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)作的(de)指導意(yi)見(jian)》，對(dui)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)作作出具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)部署。當前，涵蓋國家標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)行業(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、團體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)類文件及(ji)企業(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)在內的(de)，適合(he)中(zhong)國國情、具(ju)有國際視野、內容科學、結(jie)構(gou)合(he)理、銜(xian)接有序的(de)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)初步形(xing)成。在職業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)領(ling)域(yu)，通(tong)過對(dui)中(zhong)職、高(gao)職專(zhuan)科、高(gao)職本科專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)進行一(yi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)設(she)計(ji)，修(xiu)訂(ding)中(zhong)職與(yu)高(gao)職專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)目錄，印發中(zhong)等職業(ye)(ye)學校設(she)置標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)等系(xi)(xi)列舉措，不斷完(wan)善職業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)框架。
2021年(nian)，中共中央、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院印發《國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)發展(zhan)(zhan)綱要》。研制(zhi)和落實《國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)發展(zhan)(zhan)綱要》，對于(yu)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)事(shi)業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)具有重(zhong)大里程碑意(yi)義。《國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)發展(zhan)(zhan)綱要》提出，到2025年(nian)，實現標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)工(gong)作的四大轉變(bian)，即：標(biao)準(zhun)供給(gei)由(you)政(zheng)府(fu)主導向(xiang)政(zheng)府(fu)與市場(chang)并重(zhong)轉變(bian)，標(biao)準(zhun)運用由(you)產業(ye)與貿易為(wei)主向(xiang)經(jing)(jing)濟社(she)會全域轉變(bian)，標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)工(gong)作由(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內驅動向(xiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內國(guo)(guo)(guo)際相互促進(jin)轉變(bian)，標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)發展(zhan)(zhan)由(you)數量(liang)規模(mo)型向(xiang)質量(liang)效益型轉變(bian)。標(biao)準(zhun)運用的全域轉變(bian)強(qiang)調(diao)，將標(biao)準(zhun)作為(wei)一種制(zhi)度、一種方法、一種手段(duan)全方位應用到經(jing)(jing)濟社(she)會發展(zhan)(zhan)的方方面面，為(wei)包括職業(ye)教(jiao)育在內的教(jiao)育標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)工(gong)作深入推(tui)進(jin)提供了(le)新的契機。
（三）新《職業教育法》貫徹落實為職業教育標準化發展提供了更好保障
《職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)》與教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)密(mi)切相關。《職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)》屬(shu)于法(fa)律(lv)范疇，對政府、公(gong)民、企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)以及(ji)(ji)社會組織等在職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)必須做(zuo)、可以做(zuo)及(ji)(ji)不得做(zuo)的事務進行(xing)規(gui)定(ding)。職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)屬(shu)于教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)范疇，是(shi)對教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)活動或其(qi)結果提供規(gui)則、指南，供共同使用(yong)(yong)和重復使用(yong)(yong)的文件。《職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)》更加宏觀，職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)相對微(wei)觀，二(er)者相互影(ying)響，法(fa)律(lv)規(gui)制標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)銜接(jie)法(fa)律(lv)。
新(xin)(xin)《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育法》全文(wen)共有(you)21處提到“標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)詞(ci)(ci)，涉費(fei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)配(pei)備標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)資助標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)等(deng)諸多(duo)方(fang)面；同時(shi)(shi)，法條(tiao)中有(you)更(geng)多(duo)地(di)方(fang)雖(sui)未明確(que)(que)使(shi)用“標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)詞(ci)(ci)，但是表述(shu)中暗含著“標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)”的涵義，具有(you)“標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)”的功效，如(ru)“等(deng)級(ji)評(ping)價”“指標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)”“質量(liang)評(ping)價”等(deng)。在(zai)(zai)《標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)法》中，“教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育”“服務”“技術(shu)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)詞(ci)(ci)分(fen)(fen)別出(chu)現(xian)(xian)了(le)3次(ci)、15次(ci)、28次(ci)。而“企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)詞(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)《標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)法》和(he)新(xin)(xin)《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育法》中分(fen)(fen)別出(chu)現(xian)(xian)27次(ci)和(he)47次(ci)。從(cong)新(xin)(xin)《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育法》文(wen)本(ben)(ben)內容來看(kan)，除要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)人民政府(fu)制(zhi)定本(ben)(ben)地(di)區職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)生(sheng)均經(jing)費(fei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)或公用經(jing)費(fei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)外(wai)，還對職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)配(pei)備標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、授(shou)權完善職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、明確(que)(que)實習(xi)實訓(xun)內容和(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)等(deng)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，為新(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體系完善提供了(le)法律依據及法律保(bao)障。及職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)設立標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、經(jing)費(fei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、收費(fei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)配(pei)備標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)資助標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)等(deng)諸多(duo)方(fang)面；同時(shi)(shi)，法條(tiao)中有(you)更(geng)多(duo)地(di)方(fang)雖(sui)未明確(que)(que)使(shi)用“標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)詞(ci)(ci)，但是表述(shu)中暗含著“標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)”的涵義，具有(you)“標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)”的功效，如(ru)“等(deng)級(ji)評(ping)價”“指標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)”“質量(liang)評(ping)價”等(deng)。在(zai)(zai)《標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)法》中，“教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育”“服務”“技術(shu)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)詞(ci)(ci)分(fen)(fen)別出(chu)現(xian)(xian)了(le)3次(ci)、15次(ci)、28次(ci)。而“企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)詞(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)《標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)法》和(he)新(xin)(xin)《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育法》中分(fen)(fen)別出(chu)現(xian)(xian)27次(ci)和(he)47次(ci)。從(cong)新(xin)(xin)《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育法》文(wen)本(ben)(ben)內容來看(kan)，除要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)人民政府(fu)制(zhi)定本(ben)(ben)地(di)區職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)生(sheng)均經(jing)費(fei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)或公用經(jing)費(fei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)外(wai)，還對職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)配(pei)備標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、授(shou)權完善職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、明確(que)(que)實習(xi)實訓(xun)內容和(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)等(deng)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，為新(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體系完善提供了(le)法律依據及法律保(bao)障。
新時代職業教育標準化建設現狀及面臨挑戰
改(gai)革開(kai)放以來，尤(you)其是黨的(de)十八大以來，黨中央和(he)國(guo)務院將教育(yu)標(biao)(biao)準體(ti)系(xi)建(jian)設(she)擺在重要位置，通(tong)過頂層(ceng)設(she)計統領(ling)教育(yu)標(biao)(biao)準體(ti)系(xi)建(jian)設(she)、標(biao)(biao)準體(ti)系(xi)架構層(ceng)級由政府主導的(de)一元結構向政府與市(shi)場相協調(diao)的(de)二元結構轉型、突出重點領(ling)域的(de)基本標(biao)(biao)準建(jian)設(she)等舉措，不斷(duan)加快我(wo)國(guo)教育(yu)標(biao)(biao)準體(ti)系(xi)建(jian)設(she)進程。
（一）職業教育標準化建設現狀
當前，適合中國國情的教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)體(ti)系初步建(jian)成(cheng)。其(qi)中，職(zhi)業(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)體(ti)系建(jian)設(she)涵蓋(gai)職(zhi)業(ye)院(yuan)校設(she)立與(yu)建(jian)設(she)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)、職(zhi)業(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)裝備標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)、職(zhi)業(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)信息化標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)、職(zhi)業(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)師資隊(dui)伍(wu)建(jian)設(she)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)、職(zhi)業(ye)院(yuan)校運行和管(guan)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)、職(zhi)業(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)專業(ye)與(yu)課程(cheng)教(jiao)學標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)、職(zhi)業(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)督導(dao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)等重點(dian)領(ling)域，標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)類別更加(jia)豐富，制修訂進程(cheng)不斷加(jia)快。
一是涵蓋(gai)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)院(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、生(sheng)(sheng)均(jun)(jun)經(jing)費(fei)基本(ben)(ben)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)裝備(bei)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)及職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)信息(xi)化(hua)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)在內的(de)(de)(de)硬件(jian)(jian)(jian)保障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)類標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)為(wei)(wei)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展提(ti)(ti)(ti)供了基本(ben)(ben)保障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。例(li)如(ru)，在職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)院(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)，2018年(nian)，由教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)，住(zhu)房(fang)和城鄉建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和國(guo)家發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展改革委(wei)批準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)（建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)標(biao)(biao)192-2018）》發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布，為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)審批、核準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計和建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供了規(gui)范(fan)。2022年(nian)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)殘(can)疾人(ren)聯合(he)會、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央編(bian)辦等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)七(qi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門共同發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布《殘(can)疾人(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)置標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》，該標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)修訂參(can)照(zhao)了2010年(nian)與2011年(nian)分(fen)別(bie)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布的(de)(de)(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)置標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》和《特殊教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)（建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)標(biao)(biao)156-2011）》。在專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)訓教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)，2019年(nian)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)焊接技術應用(yong)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)訓教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》《高(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)物流管理專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)訓教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)系(xi)列標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，為(wei)(wei)相(xiang)關專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)訓條件(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供了統一規(gui)范(fan)。在生(sheng)(sheng)均(jun)(jun)經(jing)費(fei)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)，2015年(nian)，財政部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、人(ren)力(li)資源(yuan)和社會保障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聯合(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布《關于(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立完(wan)善中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)均(jun)(jun)撥(bo)款(kuan)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)指導意見》，要求各(ge)地(di)應當于(yu)2016年(nian)底(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立完(wan)善中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)均(jun)(jun)撥(bo)款(kuan)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)關數據顯示，2016年(nian)，各(ge)省（區、市）都建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立了高(gao)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)均(jun)(jun)撥(bo)款(kuan)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，27個省份建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)均(jun)(jun)撥(bo)款(kuan)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。在教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)裝備(bei)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)，《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)械使用(yong)與維護(hu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)儀器設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)裝備(bei)規(gui)范(fan)》（JY/T0596-2017）等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)系(xi)列教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布，為(wei)(wei)相(xiang)關專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供了更好的(de)(de)(de)硬件(jian)(jian)(jian)保障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。在教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)信息(xi)化(hua)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)，2017年(nian)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)院(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)數字校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)園建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)規(gui)范(fan)》與推進職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)信息(xi)化(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)門指導意見，提(ti)(ti)(ti)出到2020年(nian)，落實(shi)(shi)“三通兩平臺(tai)”建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)要求，90%以上的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)院(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成符合(he)規(gui)范(fan)要求的(de)(de)(de)數字校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)園。
二是涵蓋(gai)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)隊(dui)伍建設(she)(she)(she)(she)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)督(du)導標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)在內的(de)(de)軟件類(lei)(lei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)為職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)現代化(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)提供了堅實(shi)基礎。在教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)隊(dui)伍建設(she)(she)(she)(she)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)方(fang)面，2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)部(bu)印(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)《中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)（試(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)）》，為促進教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)及(ji)“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)型(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)隊(dui)伍建設(she)(she)(she)(she)建構(gou)了標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系。近(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)部(bu)相(xiang)關部(bu)門先后(hou)制定了職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術師(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)認證、中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)師(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)生(sheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)能(neng)力及(ji)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)“雙(shuang)師(shi)(shi)型(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)相(xiang)關標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，進一步(bu)加強職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)師(shi)(shi)資隊(dui)伍建設(she)(she)(she)(she)。在本科(ke)(ke)層(ceng)次(ci)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)方(fang)面，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)部(bu)公布(bu)了本科(ke)(ke)層(ceng)次(ci)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)點學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)及(ji)獨(du)立學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院轉設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)本科(ke)(ke)層(ceng)次(ci)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)名單，對中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)和(he)高等(deng)(deng)(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)目錄(lu)(lu)進行(xing)(xing)一體(ti)(ti)化(hua)修（制）訂，發(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)目錄(lu)(lu)（2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)）》及(ji)《本科(ke)(ke)層(ceng)次(ci)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)設(she)(she)(she)(she)置管理(li)(li)辦(ban)法(fa)（試(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)）》，推動專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)升級，規(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)設(she)(she)(she)(she)置管理(li)(li)。在課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系建設(she)(she)(she)(she)方(fang)面，2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)，兩批《中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)（試(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)）》先后(hou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)。近(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)，隨著(zhu)高等(deng)(deng)(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)修（制）訂工作(zuo)的(de)(de)推進及(ji)中(zhong)高職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)英語等(deng)(deng)(deng)系列(lie)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)，職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)及(ji)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系不(bu)斷完善。在頂崗實(shi)習(xi)方(fang)面，2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)部(bu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)五部(bu)門聯合印(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)了《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)實(shi)習(xi)管理(li)(li)規(gui)定》，其后(hou)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)了系列(lie)《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)（類(lei)(lei)）頂崗實(shi)習(xi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》，進一步(bu)加強職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)頂崗實(shi)習(xi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、管理(li)(li)和(he)服(fu)務(wu)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)。在職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)督(du)導方(fang)面，《中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)督(du)導評(ping)估辦(ban)法(fa)》和(he)《中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)辦(ban)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)能(neng)力評(ping)估暫行(xing)(xing)辦(ban)法(fa)》等(deng)(deng)(deng)文件的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)，為各地認真(zhen)履行(xing)(xing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責及(ji)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)提升學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)辦(ban)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)水平提供了具(ju)體(ti)(ti)指引。職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)相(xiang)關標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)見表1。
（二）職業教育標準化建設面臨的挑戰
新(xin)時代以來，我國職業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)工作(zuo)不斷加強，職業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)專業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)學標(biao)準(zhun)、教(jiao)(jiao)師隊伍建設標(biao)準(zhun)等(deng)不斷完善(shan)。但與職業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)改革發展實踐和職業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)現代化(hua)(hua)需求相(xiang)比，教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)工作(zuo)依(yi)然面臨諸(zhu)多挑戰。
一(yi)是(shi)職業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)對(dui)(dui)(dui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)有(you)待(dai)提升，對(dui)(dui)(dui)相關(guan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策熟悉(xi)(xi)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)足。有(you)研(yan)究(jiu)者(zhe)指出，職業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建設面(mian)臨政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)和有(you)關(guan)機構關(guan)注職業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)宏觀(guan)層面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范較多(duo)及對(dui)(dui)(dui)具體標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)重視不(bu)足等問題。筆(bi)者(zhe)對(dui)(dui)(dui)東(dong)部(bu)沿海和西部(bu)兩個城市地(di)區(qu)1935名中等職業學校教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)開展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)狀(zhuang)況調研(yan)結果也顯(xian)示(shi)，在對(dui)(dui)(dui)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)方面(mian)，盡管(guan)75.14%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)認為(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben)地(di)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)行政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)領(ling)導(dao)重視教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，但(dan)仍有(you)20.10%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)認為(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben)地(di)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)行政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)領(ling)導(dao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)“一(yi)般”，還有(you)4.76%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)認為(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben)地(di)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)行政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)領(ling)導(dao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)不(bu)夠(gou)重視。在對(dui)(dui)(dui)2018年(nian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)部(bu)發布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《關(guan)于(yu)完善教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導(dao)意見(jian)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)(le)解程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)方面(mian)，42.53%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)了(le)(le)(le)“了(le)(le)(le)解一(yi)點”，17.67%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)了(le)(le)(le)“只(zhi)是(shi)聽(ting)說過，不(bu)了(le)(le)(le)解相關(guan)內容”，7.44%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)了(le)(le)(le)“沒聽(ting)說過”，僅有(you)32.36%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)了(le)(le)(le)“了(le)(le)(le)解”。在對(dui)(dui)(dui)與職業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類行業標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)(le)解程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)方面(mian)，35.97%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)了(le)(le)(le)“了(le)(le)(le)解一(yi)般”，8.11%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)了(le)(le)(le)“不(bu)了(le)(le)(le)解”，僅有(you)55.92%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)了(le)(le)(le)“了(le)(le)(le)解”。部(bu)分(fen)(fen)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)理文件(jian)及職業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)熟悉(xi)(xi)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)高，說明部(bu)分(fen)(fen)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)行政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)及學校對(dui)(dui)(dui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)高，宣(xuan)傳力度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)夠(gou)，也反映出部(bu)分(fen)(fen)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)意識與標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)思維有(you)待(dai)增強(qiang)。
二(er)是職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)系(xi)有(you)(you)(you)待(dai)(dai)進(jin)(jin)一步完善(shan)，職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)宣傳(chuan)(chuan)貫徹(che)與(yu)(yu)監管力(li)度有(you)(you)(you)待(dai)(dai)加(jia)強(qiang)。當前，我(wo)國(guo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)系(xi)整體(ti)還(huan)不(bu)夠(gou)健全(quan)，部(bu)分重點領域標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)缺失。就職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)領域而言，有(you)(you)(you)些教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)質量有(you)(you)(you)待(dai)(dai)提高(gao)，有(you)(you)(you)些教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)亟待(dai)(dai)修(xiu)訂，有(you)(you)(you)些地方(fang)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)學校生均(jun)經(jing)費(fei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)動態調(diao)整機制尚(shang)不(bu)健全(quan)。如(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)經(jing)費(fei)投(tou)入仍存(cun)在(zai)總量不(bu)足、生均(jun)經(jing)費(fei)偏低、生均(jun)經(jing)費(fei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)有(you)(you)(you)待(dai)(dai)完善(shan)等(deng)(deng)問題。調(diao)研中(zhong)(zhong)，部(bu)分教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)也反映，當地制定的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)有(you)(you)(you)與(yu)(yu)國(guo)家教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)存(cun)在(zai)沖突(tu)，修(xiu)訂完善(shan)不(bu)及時等(deng)(deng)問題。標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)生命力(li)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)實(shi)施(shi)。研究者積(ji)極探(tan)尋加(jia)強(qiang)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化治理的(de)(de)(de)路徑(jing)。調(diao)研還(huan)發(fa)現，在(zai)相關(guan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)宣傳(chuan)(chuan)與(yu)(yu)培訓方(fang)面，45.79%的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)認為當地教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)行(xing)(xing)政部(bu)門(men)對教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)宣傳(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)總體(ti)情況一般(ban)，60.62%的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)報告未參(can)加(jia)過關(guan)于(yu)(yu)《中(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)學校教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(試行(xing)(xing))》的(de)(de)(de)培訓。在(zai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)落(luo)實(shi)方(fang)面，30.23%的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)認為學校貫徹(che)落(luo)實(shi)相關(guan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)總體(ti)情況一般(ban)，尤其是在(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)編(bian)制或配備(bei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、生均(jun)財政撥款基(ji)本標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)裝備(bei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)信息化標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)等(deng)(deng)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)貫徹(che)實(shi)施(shi)情況有(you)(you)(you)待(dai)(dai)提高(gao)。這說明對已發(fa)布的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)宣傳(chuan)(chuan)、落(luo)實(shi)及監督(du)管理等(deng)(deng)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)力(li)度有(you)(you)(you)待(dai)(dai)加(jia)強(qiang)。
貫徹落實新《職業教育法》與加強職業教育標準化建設的建議
習(xi)近平總(zong)書記要求：“從我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)革(ge)命、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)、改革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)踐中(zhong)探索適合自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)道路，同時借鑒國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)有益(yi)成果。”從國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)上(shang)看(kan)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)改革(ge)持續深入(ru)，加(jia)強(qiang)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)經(jing)費(fei)保障(zhang)、完(wan)善課程設(she)置與(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)、加(jia)強(qiang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)隊伍(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)、完(wan)善職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)評(ping)(ping)價標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)等(deng)(deng)是各國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)提升教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)重要經(jing)驗(yan)。例如(ru)，德(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)頒布(bu)了(le)(le)《聯邦職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》等(deng)(deng)一(yi)系(xi)列法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律，對職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)培(pei)訓中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)資、機構、師(shi)(shi)資等(deng)(deng)各個環節都以標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)形式作出(chu)規定。這種將“標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)入(ru)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)”的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律與(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)銜接(jie)模式，增強(qiang)了(le)(le)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)權威性(xing)和高效(xiao)性(xing)。在(zai)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)經(jing)費(fei)方面，美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、德(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、日本都建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)經(jing)費(fei)籌(chou)措或投(tou)(tou)入(ru)機制，且依法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)確定經(jing)費(fei)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)比(bi)例和撥(bo)款標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。在(zai)師(shi)(shi)資隊伍(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)方面，美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)由生(sheng)涯與(yu)技(ji)術教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體系(xi)和社區(qu)學(xue)院職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)師(shi)(shi)資體系(xi)構成的(de)(de)(de)兩大(da)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體系(xi)，歐(ou)洲職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)培(pei)訓發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)心于(yu)2009年發(fa)布(bu)了(le)(le)《歐(ou)盟(meng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)與(yu)培(pei)訓專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)能力結(jie)(jie)構》，涵蓋職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)、培(pei)訓師(shi)(shi)與(yu)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)校校長(chang)等(deng)(deng)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)能力標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。在(zai)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)方面，英國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)辦公室(shi)開發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)繼續教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)與(yu)技(ji)能培(pei)訓通用督導(dao)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)框架為準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)線，并輔以國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資格證書系(xi)統和通用國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資格證書系(xi)統，開展(zhan)(zhan)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)監測(ce)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)；美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)則經(jing)歷了(le)(le)“投(tou)(tou)入(ru)導(dao)向—結(jie)(jie)果導(dao)向—標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)導(dao)向”三次轉向，在(zai)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)監測(ce)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)實(shi)踐中(zhong)形成了(le)(le)中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體系(xi)、中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)后職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體系(xi)以及(ji)(ji)各個州(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)附加(jia)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體系(xi)。借鑒國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)經(jing)驗(yan)，結(jie)(jie)合國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)情，各部門及(ji)(ji)各地(di)在(zai)貫(guan)徹(che)實(shi)施(shi)新《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》過(guo)程中(zhong)，要進一(yi)步加(jia)強(qiang)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)。
（一）強化標準與標準化管理意識，支撐《職業教育法》落地
標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)是(shi)推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)治理(li)體(ti)系(xi)現(xian)代化的(de)(de)工(gong)具。近年來(lai)，我國教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化建(jian)(jian)(jian)設工(gong)作(zuo)不(bu)斷加(jia)強(qiang)，但與(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐需求(qiu)(qiu)相(xiang)比，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)定科學(xue)性不(bu)足，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)地方沒有(you)(you)對(dui)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)組織實(shi)(shi)(shi)施給予足夠(gou)重視，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)地方對(dui)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)制(zhi)定與(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施監(jian)督(du)管理(li)不(bu)夠(gou)。新(xin)(xin)時代加(jia)快教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)現(xian)代化建(jian)(jian)(jian)設，要求(qiu)(qiu)理(li)論與(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐工(gong)作(zuo)者不(bu)斷增強(qiang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)意(yi)(yi)識，形成遇事找標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)習慣(guan)，不(bu)斷提升標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化管理(li)水(shui)平。當前，各(ge)(ge)(ge)部(bu)門各(ge)(ge)(ge)地區都(dou)在(zai)積極(ji)貫徹落實(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)》，例如，教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)部(bu)辦公(gong)廳(ting)、人力資源社會保障(zhang)部(bu)均(jun)發布了貫徹實(shi)(shi)(shi)施新(xin)(xin)修訂的(de)(de)《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)》的(de)(de)相(xiang)關通知，各(ge)(ge)(ge)省(sheng)份也在(zai)積極(ji)宣傳(chuan)貫徹新(xin)(xin)《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)》。建(jian)(jian)(jian)議在(zai)研(yan)制(zhi)《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)》實(shi)(shi)(shi)施細則、制(zhi)修訂地方實(shi)(shi)(shi)施《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)》辦法(fa)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中，各(ge)(ge)(ge)部(bu)門各(ge)(ge)(ge)地區要牢固(gu)樹立標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)意(yi)(yi)識、標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)思維，要善(shan)于運(yun)用(yong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化方式推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)體(ti)系(xi)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)及保障(zhang)制(zhi)度建(jian)(jian)(jian)設。無論是(shi)在(zai)完(wan)(wan)善(shan)招生、管理(li)、評價制(zhi)度及產(chan)教(jiao)融(rong)合(he)、校企合(he)作(zuo)、學(xue)徒制(zhi)培(pei)養的(de)(de)政策(ce)體(ti)系(xi)過程(cheng)中，還是(shi)在(zai)完(wan)(wan)善(shan)新(xin)(xin)時代技能人才(cai)(cai)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)技能等級(ji)制(zhi)度、推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)人才(cai)(cai)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)發展貫通工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中，都(dou)要有(you)(you)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)意(yi)(yi)識，不(bu)斷完(wan)(wan)善(shan)相(xiang)關職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)系(xi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設，同時加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)定與(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施的(de)(de)監(jian)督(du)管理(li)。
（二）全面推進職業教育標準體系建設
教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)領域需要(yao)統一的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)要(yao)求(qiu)，涉及教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)方(fang)面面。盡(jin)管(guan)我國(guo)(guo)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)框架基(ji)本(ben)形成，但無論是(shi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)達國(guo)(guo)家(jia)相(xiang)比，還是(shi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)新《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法》在諸(zhu)多方(fang)面為職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)改(gai)革與(yu)(yu)(yu)深化發(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新要(yao)求(qiu)相(xiang)比，仍需將標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)作(zuo)為統領職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)突破口，加大完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)力(li)度。一是(shi)要(yao)依法落實職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)經費(fei)(fei)(fei)投(tou)入(ru)機制(zhi)(zhi)。職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)經費(fei)(fei)(fei)投(tou)入(ru)要(yao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)需求(qiu)相(xiang)適應，尤其是(shi)各(ge)地要(yao)針對生(sheng)均(jun)經費(fei)(fei)(fei)保障中(zhong)存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)問題，按照(zhao)《教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法》與(yu)(yu)(yu)《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法》等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)要(yao)求(qiu)，制(zhi)(zhi)定與(yu)(yu)(yu)完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)校生(sheng)均(jun)經費(fei)(fei)(fei)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)或公用經費(fei)(fei)(fei)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。同(tong)(tong)時，各(ge)地職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)校舉辦者要(yao)依據(ju)相(xiang)關(guan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)按時、足(zu)額(e)撥付職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)經費(fei)(fei)(fei)。二是(shi)要(yao)完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)隊伍建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)相(xiang)關(guan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。如(ru)加快修(xiu)訂《中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)校教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)（試行(xing)(xing)）》，同(tong)(tong)時研究不同(tong)(tong)層(ceng)次不同(tong)(tong)學(xue)科職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)共性與(yu)(yu)(yu)特(te)殊(shu)性，適時出(chu)臺職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)本(ben)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)與(yu)(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)門標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，研制(zhi)(zhi)殘疾人(ren)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)資格認(ren)定制(zhi)(zhi)度，完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)招聘、專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技術(shu)(shu)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)評(ping)聘和績效考(kao)核(he)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。在國(guo)(guo)家(jia)制(zhi)(zhi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)“雙師(shi)(shi)型(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)基(ji)本(ben)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)（試行(xing)(xing)）》基(ji)礎上，各(ge)地要(yao)因地制(zhi)(zhi)宜，結(jie)(jie)合不同(tong)(tong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)層(ceng)次和職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大類等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，參照(zhao)制(zhi)(zhi)定與(yu)(yu)(yu)完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)地方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“雙師(shi)(shi)型(xing)”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)認(ren)定相(xiang)關(guan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。三(san)是(shi)要(yao)結(jie)(jie)合新《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法》提(ti)(ti)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新要(yao)求(qiu)，修(xiu)訂完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)現行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)校辦學(xue)能(neng)力(li)評(ping)估(gu)及高等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)院校適應社(she)會需求(qiu)能(neng)力(li)評(ping)估(gu)相(xiang)關(guan)辦法，研制(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)高等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)量評(ping)估(gu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，健全(quan)(quan)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)督導評(ping)估(gu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，為推(tui)動地方(fang)政(zheng)府履行(xing)(xing)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)提(ti)(ti)供更好(hao)保障。此外，要(yao)建(jian)(jian)立健全(quan)(quan)新興專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)設(she)(she)(she)置與(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、信息化建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，不斷推(tui)動職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)升級。
（三）強化監督管理與評估，推動職業教育標準實施
結合我國目前職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)定、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施、監(jian)督(du)(du)(du)和評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)現(xian)狀(zhuang)，建議在(zai)(zai)(zai)貫徹落實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，一是要(yao)(yao)完善(shan)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)定程(cheng)(cheng)序，提(ti)高(gao)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)定的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)性。在(zai)(zai)(zai)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)定人員構成上，要(yao)(yao)兼顧職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)領域專家(jia)、職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)院校(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)、行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)界等(deng)不同群體的(de)(de)(de)代表；在(zai)(zai)(zai)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)定程(cheng)(cheng)序上，要(yao)(yao)加強前期調(diao)查研究(jiu)、多(duo)種(zhong)形式的(de)(de)(de)論(lun)證及多(duo)渠道(dao)公開(kai)征求意見(jian)等(deng)環節。二是國務院教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)督(du)(du)(du)導(dao)部(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)及相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)部(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)等(deng)要(yao)(yao)加強對(dui)(dui)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施狀(zhuang)況的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)督(du)(du)(du)與評(ping)(ping)(ping)價。例如，國務院教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)督(du)(du)(du)導(dao)部(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)在(zai)(zai)(zai)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)專項督(du)(du)(du)導(dao)檢查中，要(yao)(yao)加強對(dui)(dui)經費(fei)、師(shi)資等(deng)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)建設與落實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)情況的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)督(du)(du)(du)。人力資源社(she)會保(bao)障部(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)加強與教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)部(bu)(bu)等(deng)有關(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)溝通(tong)協調(diao)，共同做好實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習監(jian)管(guan)，指導(dao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習單位落實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)好學(xue)(xue)生休(xiu)息休(xiu)假與參加相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)保(bao)險等(deng)權利。2022年(nian)(nian)(nian)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)部(bu)(bu)等(deng)五(wu)部(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)印發的(de)(de)(de)《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)辦學(xue)(xue)條件(jian)(jian)達(da)(da)標(biao)(biao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施方案》提(ti)出全(quan)面改善(shan)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)辦學(xue)(xue)條件(jian)(jian)，職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)辦學(xue)(xue)條件(jian)(jian)重(zhong)點監(jian)測指標(biao)(biao)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)達(da)(da)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)比例到(dao)2023年(nian)(nian)(nian)底達(da)(da)到(dao)80%以上，到(dao)2025年(nian)(nian)(nian)底達(da)(da)到(dao)90%以上，可(ke)謂推進職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)辦學(xue)(xue)條件(jian)(jian)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)落實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。三是適時開(kai)展《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》立(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)后評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)工(gong)作(zuo)。建立(li)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)規范的(de)(de)(de)立(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)后評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)機制(zhi)(zhi)，是對(dui)(dui)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)與效果等(deng)進行(xing)(xing)檢驗，提(ti)高(gao)立(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)質量的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)手段。我國《立(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》對(dui)(dui)有關(guan)(guan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)或(huo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)中有關(guan)(guan)規定進行(xing)(xing)立(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)后評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)等(deng)進行(xing)(xing)了明確規定。未來可(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)《職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》開(kai)展立(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)后整體評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，將職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)定與實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施狀(zhuang)況評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)列為重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)內容(rong)，或(huo)者專門(men)(men)(men)開(kai)展職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)規定立(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)后評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)，由此督(du)(du)(du)促職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)定與落實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。
來源: 《職業技術教育》 2023年(nian)第4期
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